Ukunyangwa kwe-Microbial yogutyulo kukubeka inani elikhulu leentsholongwane ze-microbial ezisebenzayo kwi-lindle, ekhuthaza ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza kwe-ecosystem elungeleleneyo kumzimba wamanzi ngokwawo, apho kungekho kuphela ukubola, abavelisi kunye nabathengi. Izinto ezingcolisayo zinokunyangwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi, kwaye ngenxa yoko amakhonkco okutya amaninzi anokwakheka, enze inkqubo yewebhu yokutya enqumlayo. Inkqubo elungileyo nezinzileyo ye-ecological balance inokumiselwa ukuba ubungakanani obufanelekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla uyagcinwa phakathi kwamanqanaba etrophic. Xa isixa esithile samanzi amdaka singena kule ecosystem, izinto ezingcolisa indalo ezikulo azithotywanga nje kuphela kwaye zihlanjululwe ziibhaktheriya kunye nomngundo, kodwa iimveliso zokugqibela zokuthotywa kwazo, ezinye iikhompawundi ze-inorganic, zisetyenziswa njengemithombo yekhabhoni, imithombo yenitrogen kunye nemithombo ye-phosphorus, kwaye amandla elanga asetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wokuqala. , bathathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-metabolism kwiwebhu yokutya, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe bafuduke kwaye baguqule ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu letrophic, kwaye ekugqibeleni baguqulele kwizityalo zasemanzini, intlanzi, i-shrimp, i-mussels, amarhanisi, amadada kunye nezinye iimveliso zobomi obuphambili, kwaye ngokuqhubeka kwabantu Thatha kwaye ungeze amanyathelo okugcina ulungelelwaniso olubanzi lwendalo lomzimba wamanzi, ukwandisa indalo kunye nokulawula indalo kunye nokulawula ukumila kwamanzi, ukuthintela ukumila kwamanzi kunye nokuthintela ukumila kwamanzi. i-eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi.
1. Ukunyangwa kweMicrobial yelindleubukhulu becala isusa izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo (BOD, COD substances) kwi-colloidal kunye ne-dissolved state kugutyulo, kwaye izinga lokususa linokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-90%, ukwenzela ukuba ukungcola kwe-organic kuhlangabezane nomgangatho wokukhupha.
(1) IBOD (imfuno yeoksijini yebhayoloji), oko kukuthi "imfuno yeoksijini yebhayoloji" okanye "imfuno yeoksijini yebhayoloji", sisalathisi esingangqalanga sesiqulatho sezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisa kwinxalenye yezinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka lula ezifumaneka kwi-1L yelindle okanye isampuli yamanzi eza kuvavanywa. Xa i-microorganisms i-oxidize kwaye ibolile, i-oksijini enyibilikileyo emanzini isetyenziswe kwii-milligrams (iyunithi ngu-mg / L). Iimeko zokulinganisa ze-BOD zichazwe ngokubanzi kwi-20 °C iintsuku ezi-5 nobusuku, ngoko uphawu lwe-BOD5 luhlala lusetyenziswa.
(2) I-COD (imfuno ye-oksijini yeekhemikhali) yimfuno ye-oksijini yeekhemikhali, eyisilathisi esilula esingathanga ngqo somxholo we-organic matter kumzimba wamanzi. (iyunithi ngu mg/L). Ii-oxidants zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-K2Cr2O7 okanye i-KMnO4. Phakathi kwabo, i-K2Cr2O7 isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye i-COD elinganisiweyo imelwe yi "COD Cr".
2. Unyango lweMicrobial Ugutyulo lunokwahlulwa lube yinkqubo yonyango lwe-aerobic kunye nenkqubo yonyango lwe-anaerobic ngokwemeko ye-oksijini kwinkqubo yonyango.
1. Inkqubo yonyango lwe-Aerobic
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic, i-microorganisms ibhengeza into ephilayo kwindalo, i-oxidize kwaye iyichithe kwi-inorganic matter, ihlambulule i-sewage, kwaye idibanise umcimbi weselula ngaxeshanye. Kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, ii-microorganisms zikhona ngendlela ye-sludge esebenzayo kunye namacandelo aphambili e-biofilm.
Le ndlela yindlela yonyango yebhayoloji kunye ne-biofilm njengowona mzimba uphambili wokuhlanjululwa. I-Biofilm i-membrane ye-mucous eqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu we-carrier kwaye yenziwe ngokukodwa yi-bacterial micelles. Umsebenzi we-biofilm ufana ne-sludge esebenzayo kwinkqubo ye-sludge esebenzayo, kwaye ukubunjwa kwayo kwe-microbial kuyafana. Umgaqo oyintloko wokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi amdaka yi-adsorption kunye ne-oxidative decomposition of organic matter kwi-sewage yi-biofilm eqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu womthwali. Ngokweendlela zoqhagamshelwano ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwendawo ephakathi kunye namanzi, indlela ye-biofilm ibandakanya indlela yebhayoloji ejikayo kunye nendlela yokucoca i-biological filter.
3. Inkqubo yonyango ye-Anaerobic
Phantsi kweemeko ze-anoxic, indlela yokusebenzisa ibhaktiriya ye-anaerobic (kubandakanya ibhaktiriya ye-anaerobic ene-facultative) ukubolisa izingcolisi eziphilayo kugutyulo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-anaerobic digestion okanye i-anaerobic fermentation. Kuba imveliso yokubila ivelisa imethane, ikwabizwa ngokuba yimethane fermentation. Le ndlela ayikwazi kuphela ukuphelisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, kodwa iphuhlise i-bio-energy, ngoko abantu bahlawula ingqalelo enkulu. Ukubiliswa kwe-anaerobic yamanzi amdaka yinkqubo entsonkothe kakhulu ye-ecosystem, ebandakanya iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaqela eebhaktiriya, ngalinye lifuna ama-substrates kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukwenza inkqubo yendalo entsonkothileyo. Ukuvundiswa kwemethane kubandakanya izigaba ezithathu: inqanaba lokunyibilika, ukuveliswa kwehydrogen kunye nenqanaba lokuvelisa i-acetic acid kunye nenqanaba lokuvelisa imethane.
Ukucocwa kwelindle kunokohlulwa kunyango lokuqala, lwesibini nolwesithathu ngokwenqanaba lonyango.
Unyango olusisiseko: Isusa ikakhulu ungcoliseko oluluqilima olumisiweyo kugutyulo, kwaye uninzi lweendlela zonyango lomzimba lunokugqiba kuphela iimfuno zonyango oluphambili. Emva kokunyangwa okuphambili kwamanzi amdaka, i-BOD inokususwa ngokubanzi malunga ne-30%, engahambelani nomgangatho wokukhupha. Unyango oluphambili lolokwenziwa kwangaphambi konyango lwesibini.
Inkqubo yonyango ephambili yile: ilindle elikrwada eliye ladlula kwigridi erhabaxa liphakanyiswa yimpompo yokunyuswa kwelindle - lidlule kwigridi okanye isisefu - kwaye emva koko lingene kwigumbi legrit - ilindle elihlulwe yintlabathi kunye namanzi lingena kwitanki yokuqala yentlenga, oku kungasentla: Ukusetyenzwa okuphambili (oko kukuthi ukusetyenzwa ngokomzimba). Umsebenzi wegumbi legrit kukususa amasuntswana angabonakaliyo kunye nomxhuzulane omkhulu othile. Amagumbi egrit asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngamagumbi egrit advection, aerated grit chambers, Dole grit chambers kunye nebell-type grit chambers.
Unyango lwesibini: Isusa kakhulu i-colloidal kunye ne-dissolved organic pollutants (BOD, COD substances) kumanzi amdaka, kwaye izinga lokususa linokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-90%, ukwenzela ukuba ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho wokukhutshwa.
Inkqubo yonyango yesibini yile: amanzi aqukuqelayo aphuma kwitanki yentlenga ephambili angena kwisixhobo sonyango lwebhayoloji, kubandakanywa indlela yodaka olusebenzayo kunye nendlela ye-biofilm, (i-reactor ye-activated sludge method ibandakanya itanki yokuphefumla, umsele we-oxidation, njl. njl. itanki yentlenga, kunye namanzi amdaka asuka kwitanki yesibini yentlenga ayakhutshwa emva kokubulawa kweentsholongwane okanye angenwe kunyango lwenqanaba lesithathu.
Unyango olukwinqanaba eliphezulu: ikakhulu lujongana nezinto eziphilayo ezinganyibilikiyo ezifana nenitrogen kunye nephosphorus ezinokukhokelela.
kwi-eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi. Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ziquka i-biological denitrification kunye nokususwa kwe-phosphorus, i-coagulation sedimentation, indlela yezinga lesanti, indlela ye-carbon adsorption esebenzayo, indlela yokutshintshiselana kwe-ion kunye nendlela yohlalutyo lwe-electroosmosis.
Inkqubo yonyango lwenqanaba lesithathu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: inxalenye yodaka olukwitanki yentlenga yesibini ibuyiselwa kwitanki yokuqala yentlenga okanye kwisixhobo sonyango lwebhayoloji, kwaye inxalenye yodaka ingena kwitanki yokujiya kodaka, ize ingene kwitanki yokwetyisa inkunkuma. Emva kokuchithwa kwamanzi kunye nezixhobo zokomisa, i-sludge isetyenziswe ekugqibeleni.
Nokuba ngumthengi omtsha okanye umthengi omdala, sikholelwa kuyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-ammonia ethoba isidima sebhaktiriya kunyango lwamanzi eTshayina, ukwandiswa kwe-arhente yebhaktiriya ye-aerobic kunye nobudlelwane obuthembekileyo, siyabamkela abathengi abatsha nabadala ukuba baqhagamshelane nathi ngefowuni ephathwayo okanye bathumele i-imeyile ukuze basibuze ukuba siseke imibutho yeshishini yexesha elide kunye nempumelelo ekwabelwana ngayo.
Unyango lweMichiza yamanzi amdakaI-China i-Bacteria ekhethekileyo yoyilo, i-Agent ye-Bacterial Water Treatment, njengabasebenzi abafundileyo, abanobuchule kunye nabanamandla, siphethe zonke iinkalo zophando, ukuyila, ukuvelisa, ukuthengisa kunye nokusabalalisa. Ngokuphanda kunye nokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha, asilandeli kuphela kodwa sikhokela ishishini lefashoni. Simamela ngononophelo ingxelo yabathengi kwaye sibonelela ngonxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo. Uya kuziva ngoko nangoko ubungcali bethu kunye nenkonzo ingqalelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-11-2022